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    Leica M5: yesterday's outcast, today's star?

Funny, how time changes things.   When introduced in 1971, the Leica M5  was usually condemned because of its large size-- despite the fact that the M5 was the first M with TTL metering.    I suspect that if it were introduced today, the size would not be that big an issue.  Beside a N90s or F5, the M5 looks downright small.

Today the M5 is often overlooked as a serious user, but I think it deserves a lot more attention as a great shooter with notable features: 

• It cannot be over-emphasized what a technological triumph the M5's TTL metering was in 1971.  The M5 was the first rangefinder with TTL metering, and an excellent metering system it was.  SLRs had TTL metering since the Topcon Super D in 1963.   The Nikon SPX prototype from about 1962 had TTL metering, but it never made it to production.   For its time   the M5's meter was among the most light sensitive made.

• One of only four substantially new production Leica rangefinder designs.   Those four are the Leica A,  the M3,    the M5, and the CL.   Most Leica rangefinders are modifications of the A  and M3.

• The last regular production M to be built in the traditional "adjust and fit" method rather than the later "correct or replace" method initiated with the M4-2.

• The last M to be built in Wetzlar throughout its production run.

• The last regular production M to be built without later cost saving introduced in the M4-2.

• The only full size M with shutter speeds visible in the finder.

• The M5 introduced "black" chrome to the camera world.  While heralded as an improvement at the time, in service black chrome finishes don't wear as well as black paint cameras.   Black paint cameras, even if worn, have a pleasing aesthetic character about them.    Worn black chrome cameras have a tendency to just look worn and dirty (even if they aren't).

• M5 meter operation is simple, but unusual until you get used to it. 1st set the ASA on the top of the camera (from 6 to 3200).   Looking through the finder, you will see the shutter speed visible in the lower portion of the finder, and to the right of that a horizontal bar.  Two meter needles intersect that bar, one is controlled by the ASA dial and one is controlled by the light intensity.   Adjust shutter speed or f/stop until the three bars intersect.   It sounds more complicated in writing,  than it is in practice.  BE CAREFUL not to depress the shutter release while making a meter reading -- that will start to recess the meter cell which will give you an incorrect reading.

• The last regular production M to have an engraved Top plate -- a small thing to some people, a big thing to many long time Leica users and collectors.

• Largest and most convenient M shutter speed dial,  adjustable without taking the camera from your eye.  Very conveniently it overhangs the top plate, making for very comfortable and quick manipulation.  Aesthetically its centering around the advance is also more pleasing than a separate shutter speed dial, at least to my own eyes.

• First M with a hot shoe

• M5 has the M4's  35/135, 50, 90 finder, with shutter speeds and meter needles added.

• Shutter speeds are from 1/2 to 1/1000th.   Intermediate speeds can set  except between 1/30th to 1/60th.  1 second is possible by setting the camera on B and releasing the shutter with the self timer.

• The only full size M to have a spot meter.    The 8mm CDS cell translates to the  center 1/3 of your 24mm vertical film plane.  According to the 15th edition of the Leica Manual, which covered the M5 for the first time, this works out roughly equal to the following areas in the finder with the various lenses:  the 50mm frameline with 21m lenses, the 90mm frameline with 28mm lenses, the 135mm frameline with 35mm lenses, the four arcs of circle around the rangefinder patch (a unique M5 finder feature, just to indicate the metering pattern) for 50mm lenses, and the rangefinder focusing patch for 90 and 135mm lenses.

• The meter is an 8mm circular CDS cell which raises to the center of the film plane as the shutter is cocked, and lowers before the first curtain opens.   When metering make sure your finger is not on the shutter release, as that can partially lower the CDS cell and affect your meter reading.  The CDS cell only raises when a lens is mounted, or when you fool it by mounting a screw mount to bayonet adapter.  Unfortunately the M5 was designed for the mercury 625 cell, but it can be adjusted to take its alkaline replacement.  

• Battery Check: Move the frame preview lever to the extreme left, away from the lens.  If the battery is good, one of the viewfinder bars will move into the cutout area on the lower right of the meter display.

• Lenses which project deeply into the body cavity may not give correct metering with the M5, worse, they may damage the meter cell.    The 21/4 Super Angulon and the 21/3.4 below # 2437251 must be modified by Leica before mounting on the M5, otherwise Leica warns of damage to the meter.  Likewise 28/2.8 Elmarits below number 2314921 must be modified by Leica before mounting on the M5, otherwise Leica warns of damage to the meter.    Likewise collapsible 50 and 90 lenses may be used on the M5, but NOT collapsed into the body.

• First M with a larger than M3 Body size

• Only M with my favorite 3 lug body straps, allowing vertical carrying of the camera

• M Seal: M3, M2, and M4 Leicas are famous for the black "seal" at the 12 o'clock lens mount position.  An intact seal is generally taken to mean that either the camera has never been opened up, or it was opened and resealed by Leica.  Not so the M5.  The M5 can easily be serviced without removing the seal!

• Double Exposures: the M5 is the first M to allow the photog to reliably make double exposures. As explained in the Leica Manual:    #1 shoot a blank frame with the lens cap ON.    #2 take up the tension on the film cassette by turning the rewind crank you feel tension, leave the rewind crank in extended position as shown in the pic below  #3  Turn the rewind release lever on the front of the camera downward, and hold it down as you cock the shutter #4  take the first exposure  #5 repeat step # 3 as many times as you like for multiple exposures.  #6 Fold rewind lever and move rewind release lever to vertical position for normal shooting.

The M5's rewind lever is ratcheted and on the baseplate, both M firsts.  The M5's rewind lever is larger than the other M's, making it larger and faster to use.

Notice even the interior of the baseplate is nicely finished...something you don't see on later Leicas.

Unfortunately for Leica, the M5 was not a sales success.  New M5's  were sitting on dealer's shelves for   years after production was stopped.  For decades the M5 existed in relative obscurity as "the Leica failure," a title I don't think it really deserves.  As explained on my CL page, I think a most of the M5's sales problems had to do with the lower priced and extremely successful Leica CL.   Nevertheless, the M5 took the fall and its excellent body has not been  reintroduced.     The M5 was rediscovered about 1994 by Japanese collectors.  Used prices more than doubled, and maintained there.     Today the M5 offers collectors important historical features, and shooters important shooting advantages.

Yesterday's and today's Leicas, the IIIf Red Dial, M6 TTL, and M5.

The M5 is roughly the size of the Canon 7s, and much smaller than today's AF SLRs like the Nikon 90s. 

Instead of reading how "large" the M5 is in the various Leica books, try it for yourself.  You might be pleasantly surprised by its fit in your hands and its immanently usable features.

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Revised: November 25, 2003 .  Copyright © 1998-2002  Stephen Gandy. All rights reserved.    This means you may NOT copy and re-use the text or the pictures in ANY other internet or printed publication of ANY kind.  Information in this document is subject to change without notice.  Other products and companies referred to herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies or mark holders.